Language, Power, and Ideology: A Critical Review of Political Discourse Studies

Abstract

This study provides a critical review of scholarly literature on the interrelationship between language, power, and ideology within political discourse studies. Drawing primarily on the theoretical foundations of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the review examines how political language functions as a strategic tool for constructing social realities, legitimizing authority, and reproducing or challenging ideological dominance. The study synthesizes key contributions from classical and contemporary scholars to highlight major analytical approaches, including discourse–power relations, ideological representation, framing, and identity construction in political texts and talk. Particular attention is given to how political actors employ linguistic choices—such as metaphor, nomination, argumentation, and evaluative strategies—to influence public opinion, shape policy debates, and sustain hegemonic structures. The review also explores methodological trends in political discourse research, noting a shift toward interdisciplinary, multimodal, and corpus-assisted approaches that enhance analytical rigor and contextual sensitivity. By critically assessing existing debates, gaps, and limitations in the field, this study underscores the continuing relevance of discourse-oriented analyses in understanding political processes in diverse sociopolitical contexts. The paper concludes by identifying directions for future research, emphasizing the need for greater contextual diversity, comparative perspectives, and engagement with emerging digital and media-driven political discourses.